\def\theequation{\mbox{\beginL\arabic{equation}.\arabic{chapter}\endL}}
%\def\theequation{\mbox{\beginL\arabic{equation}.\arabic{section}.\arabic{chapter}\endL}}
%\def\thefigure{\mbox{\beginR\arabic{chapter}.\arabic{figure}\endR}}
\def\diag{\InE{}\mbox{diag}\EnE{}}

\newcommand{\overto}[1]{\buildrel{  #1} \over {\longrightarrow}}
%
%\def\Underbuildrel#1\under#2{\mathrel{\mathop{\kern0pt #1}\limits_{#2}}}
\newcommand{\loverto}[1]{\buildrel{#1} \over {\longleftarrow}} 

%\def\Tribuildrel#1\over#2\under#3{\mathrel{\mathop{\kern0pt #1}\limits^{#2}_{#3}}}
\newcommand{\overunderto}[2]{\Tribuildrel \leftrightarrows \over #1 \under #2}

\newenvironment{proof}{\par\noindent{\rl{ اثبات.  }}\rm}{\hfill $\blacksquare$}
\newtheorem{teo}{\bf\rm\rl{ قضیه }}[chapter]
\newtheorem{prop}[teo]{\bf\rl{ حکم }}
\newtheorem{con}[teo]{\bf\rl{ حدس }}
\newtheorem{cor}[teo]{\bf\rl{ نتیجه }}
\newtheorem{lemma}[teo]{\bf\rl{ لم }}
\newtheorem{tar}[teo]{\bf\rl{ تعریف }}%[section]
\newtheorem{exa}[teo]{\bf\rl{ مثال }}
\newtheorem{nota}[teo]{\bf\rl{ تذکر }}
%\newcounter{thm}


%****************************************************************
%***** tihese are defined for when we have DVI file in exit *****
%****************************************************************

\let\oldteo\teo
\def\teo{\oldteo\rm\badr}

\let\oldprop\prop
\def\prop{\oldprop\badr}

\let\oldcon\con
\def\con{\oldcon\badr}

\let\oldcor\cor
\def\cor{\oldcor\badr}

\let\oldlemma\lemma
\def\lemma{\oldlemma\badr}

\let\oldtar\tar
\def\tar{\oldtar\badr}

\let\oldexa\exa
\def\exa{\oldexa\badr}

\let\oldnota\nota
\def\nota{\oldnota\rm\badr}

%***********************************************************
%*** this part is defined for making easy tabel problem. ***
%***********************************************************

\makeatletter
\let\oldtabular\tabular
\let\oldendtabular\endtabular
\def\tabular{\ifmmode \@rparfalse\fi\oldtabular}
\def\endtabular{\ifmmode \@rpartrue\fi\oldendtabular}

%***********************************************************
%*** this part is defined by author for typing easy.  ******
%***********************************************************

\newcommand{\beb}{\begin{eqnarray*}}
\newcommand{\bea}{\begin{eqnarray}}
\newcommand{\be}{\begin{equation}}
\newcommand{\ba}{\begin{array}}
\newcommand{\eeb}{\end{eqnarray*}}
\newcommand{\eea}{\end{eqnarray}}
\newcommand{\ee}{\end{equation}}
\newcommand{\ea}{\end{array}}
\newcommand{\bc}{\begin{center}}
\newcommand{\ec}{\end{center}}
\newcommand{\bt}{\begin{table}}
\newcommand{\et}{\begin{table}}

\newcommand{\Ra}{\Rightarrow}
\newcommand{\ra}{\rightarrow}
\newcommand{\la}{\leftarrow}
\newcommand{\La}{\Leftarrow}
\newcommand{\lra}{\longrightarrow}
\newcommand{\lla}{\longleftarrow}
\newcommand{\lera}{\leftrightarrow}

\newcommand{\lm}{\lambda}
\newcommand{\Lm}{\Lambda}
\newcommand{\Ga}{\Gamma}
\newcommand{\ga}{\gamma}
\newcommand{\gas}{\gamma_{\mbox{start}}}
\newcommand{\xs}{x_{\mbox{start}}}
%\newcommand{$f_{appr}$}{f_{\mbox{appr}}}




\newcommand{\ca}{{\cal A}}
\newcommand{\ck}{{\cal K}}
\newcommand{\crr}{{\cal R}}
\newcommand{\cs}{{\cal S}}
\newcommand{\cl}{{\cal L}}
\newcommand{\cm}{{\cal M}}
\newcommand{\cn}{{\cal N}}
\newcommand{\co}{{\cal O}}
\newcommand{\cp}{{\cal P}}
\newcommand{\cq}{{\cal Q}}
\newcommand{\cz}{{\cal Z}}
\newcommand{\ce}{{\cal E}}
\newcommand{\cf}{{\cal F}}
\newcommand{\cb}{{\cal B}}
\newcommand{\cc}{{\cal C}}
\newcommand{\cg}{{\cal G}}
\newcommand{\ch}{{\cal H}}
\newcommand{\cx}{{\cal X}}

\newcommand{\r}{{\Bbb R}}
\newcommand{\n}{{\Bbb N}}
\newcommand{\z}{{\Bbb Z}}
\newcommand{\x}{{\Bbb X}}

\newcommand{\fo}{\footnote}
\newcommand{\ti}{\times}
\newcommand{\ld}{\ldots}
\newcommand{\cd}{\cdots}
\newcommand{\bu}{\bullet}
\newcommand{\sbq}{\subseteq}
\newcommand{\sbs}{\subset}
\newcommand{\prq}{\preceq}
\newcommand{\suq}{\succeq}
\newcommand{\pr}{\prec}
\newcommand{\su}{\succ}
\newcommand{\ran}{\rangle}
\newcommand{\lan}{\langle}
\newcommand{\pma}{\pmatrix}
\newcommand{\tri}{\triangle}
\newcommand{\de}{\delta}
\newcommand{\De}{\Delta}
\newcommand{\f}{\farsi}
\newcommand{\e}{\english}
\newcommand{\hf}{\hfill}
\newcommand{\df}{\dotfill}


\newcommand{\y}{\hat{V}R\hat{V}^T}
\newcommand{\dy}{\hat{V}^T \de Y\hat{V}}




\newcommand{\st}{\mbox{s.t.}~}
\newcommand{\rar}{\mbox{arrow}~}
\newcommand{\rAr}{\mbox{Arrow}~}
\newcommand{\rd}{\mbox{diag}~}
\newcommand{\rD}{\mbox{Diag}~}
\newcommand{\rt}{\mbox{Trace}~}
\newcommand{\rv}{\mbox{vec}~}
\newcommand{\rr}{\mbox{rank}~}
\newcommand{\na}{\mbox{n.a.}~}
\newcommand{\rc}{\mbox{conv}~}



\newcommand{\pgr}{\pageref}








%*************************************************************
%****  end of defination by author  **************************
%*************************************************************

\newcommand{\E}{{I\!\! R}}
\newcommand{\Z}{\Bbb{Z}}
\newcommand{\N}{\Bbb{N}}

\newcommand{\Tset}{{\cal T}}
%\newcommand{\calr}{{\cal R}}
%\newcommand{\calc}{{\cal C}}
\newcommand{\column}{C}
\newcommand{\cseq}{c}
\newcommand{\rseq}{r}
\newcommand{\row}{R}
\newcommand{\col}{C}
\newcommand{\zrow}{z}
\newcommand{\zcomp}{z}
\newcommand{\tpl}{\gamma_{\times 3}}
\def\contentsname{\rl{فهرست مطالب}}
\def\listfigurename{\rl{فهرست شکلها}}
\def\listtablename{\rl{فهرست جدولها}}
\def\vec#1{{\rm \bf vec}(#1)}
\def\mat#1#2{{\rm \bf Mat}_{#1}(#2)}
\def\fref#1{\beginR\nazok\oldref{#1}\endR}






%\def\emline#1#2#3#4#5#6{%
%       \put(#1,#2){\special{em:moveto}}%
%       \put(#4,#5){\special{em:lineto}}}
%\def\newpic#1{}

\newlength{\defbaselineskip}
\setlength{\defbaselineskip}{\baselineskip}
\newcommand{\setlinespacing}[1]%
           {\setlength{\baselineskip}{#1 \defbaselineskip}}
\newcommand{\doublespacing}{\setlength{\baselineskip}%
                           {2.0 \defbaselineskip}}
\newcommand{\singlespacing}{\setlength{\baselineskip}{\defbaselineskip}}




\endinput