\documentclass[11pt]{article}

\usepackage{multido,amsmath}
\usepackage{pstricks,pstricks-add,pst-3dplot,pst-func,fourier,pst-coil,pst-node}
\usepackage{verbatim}
\usepackage{pst-solides3d}
\begin{document}
%شکل ۱
\begin{center}
\begin{pspicture}(-1,2)(11.2,3.5)%\psgrid
%\psgrid[subgriddiv=1,griddots=10,gridlabels=10pt]
\cnodeput(-.3,3){a}{1}
\pscoil[coilarmA=.2cm,coilarmB=0.2cm,coilwidth=.4cm](0,3)(2.3,3)
\cnodeput(2.6,3){b}{2}
\pscoil[coilarmA=.2cm,coilarmB=0.2cm,coilwidth=.4cm](2.9,3)(5.2,3)
\cnodeput(5.5,3){b}{3}
\pscoil[coilarmA=.2cm,coilarmB=0.2cm,coilwidth=.4cm](5.8,3)(8.1,3)
\cnodeput(8.4,3){b}{4}
\pscoil[coilarmA=.2cm,coilarmB=0.2cm,coilwidth=.4cm,linestyle=dashed](8.7,3)(11,3)
\end{pspicture}
\end{center} 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%شکل ۲
\begin{center}
\psset{yunit=0.8,plotpoints=300}
\begin{pspicture}(-1,-3)(9,3)%\psgrid
\psline{->}(3.7,2)(4.785,2)
 \uput[l](0,0){0}
        \uput[l](0,1.5){$ A $}
          \uput[l](0,-1.5){$ -A $}   
\uput[90](1.1775,1.5){$ M $}
  \uput[d](2.7475,-1.5){$ C $}  
    \uput[d](1.85,0){$ B $}
      \uput[d](3.6,-.1) {$ D $}
      \uput[u](3.7,0.75){$ E $}
      \uput[u](4.95,0.75){$ F $}
      \uput[l](5.25,-0.75){$ G $}
      \uput[r](6.3,-0.75){$ H $}       
  \psplot[algebraic]{0}{7.854}{1.5*sin(2*x-Pi/4)}
    \psdot(1.1775,1.5)
     \psdot(7.4575,1.5)
    \psdot(2.7475,-1.5)
     \psdot(1.9625,0)
     \psdot(3.5325,0)   
           \psdot(3.79,0.75)   
         \psdot(4.85,0.75)  
          \psdot(5.35,-0.75)  
                \psdot(6.4,-0.75)  
    \psline[linestyle=dashed](1.1775,0)(1.1775,1.5)
    \uput[d](1.1775,0){$x_{A}$}
       \psline[linestyle=dashed](0,1.5)(1.1775,1.5)
          \psline[linestyle=dashed](0,-1.5)(2.7475,-1.5)
\uput[0](9,0){$x$}
\psline{->}(0,-3)(0,3)
\psline{->}(0,0)(9,0)
\uput[90](0,3){$y$}
\end{pspicture}
\resetOptions
\end{center} 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%شکل ۳
\begin{center}
\psset{yunit=0.8,plotpoints=300}
\begin{pspicture}(-1,-3)(9,3)%\psgrid
%\psgrid[subgriddiv=1,griddots=10,gridlabels=10pt]
%\psline[linecolor=gray]{->}(3.7,2)(4.785,2)
  \psplot[algebraic]{0}{8.5}{1.5*sin(2*x-Pi/4)}
    \psplot[algebraic,linestyle=dashed]{0}{8.5}{1.5*sin(2*x-Pi/4-Pi/4)}
      \uput[l](0,0){0}
        \uput[l](0,1.5){$ A $}
          \uput[l](0,-1.5){$ -A $}   
\uput[90](1.1775,1.5){$ M $}
    \psdot(1.1775,1.5)
   %    \psdot(1.1775,1.1)
       \psline{->}(1.1775,1.5)(1.1775,1.1)

     \psdot(7.4575,1.5)
  %    \psdot(7.4575,1.1)
           \psline{->}(7.4575,1.5)(7.4575,1.1)
  \uput[d](2.7475,-1.5){$ C $}    
    \psdot(2.7475,-1.5)
   %     \psdot(2.7475,-1)
             \psline{->}(2.7475,-1.5)(2.7475,-1)
  \uput[d](1.85,0){$ B $} 
     \psdot(1.9625,0)
   %   \psdot(1.9625,1.05)
           \psline{->}(1.9625,0)(1.9625,1.05)
  \uput[u](3.4,-.1) {$ D $} 
     \psdot(3.5325,0)   
  %     \psdot(3.5325,-1) 
            \psline{->}(3.5325,0)(3.5325,-1) 
  \uput[u](3.7,0.75){$ E $} 
           \psdot(3.79,0.75) 
   %      \psdot(3.79,-.3)
            \psline{->}(3.79,0.75)(3.79,-.3) 
  \uput[d](4.7,0.75){$ F $} 
         \psdot(4.85,0.75)  
   %         \psdot(4.85,1.45)  
                 \psline{->}(4.85,0.75)(4.85,1.45)  
  \uput[d](5.25,-0.75){$ G $} 
          \psdot(5.35,-0.75)  
%             \psdot(5.35,.45)  
                  \psline{->}(5.35,-0.75)(5.35,.45)    
  \uput[u](6.3,-0.75){$ H $} 
                \psdot(6.4,-0.75)  
 %                  \psdot(6.4,-1.45)

                        \psline{->}(6.4,-0.75) (6.4,-1.45)
       \psline[linestyle=dashed](0,1.5)(1.1775,1.5)
          \psline[linestyle=dashed](0,-1.5)(2.7475,-1.5)
\uput[0](9,0){$x$}
\psline{->}(0,-3)(0,3)
\psline{->}(0,0)(9,0)
\uput[90](0,3){$y$}
\end{pspicture}
\resetOptions
\end{center} 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{center}
\psset{yunit=0.8,plotpoints=300}
\begin{pspicture}(-1,-2)(9,2)%\psgrid
%\psgrid[subgriddiv=1,griddots=10,gridlabels=10pt]
 \uput[l](0,0){0}
 \psline[arrowscale=3]{->}(2.7,2)(3.8,2)
      \uput[u](2.5,1){$ M $}
      \uput[u](4,.6){$ N $}
      \psplot[algebraic]{0}{7.854}{-1.5*sin(1.5*x)}
      \psdot(2.6,1)
     \psdot(3.9,.6)   
       \uput[0](9,0){$x$}
\psline{->}(0,-2)(0,2)
\psline{->}(0,0)(9,0)
\uput[90](0,2){$y$}
\end{pspicture}
\end{center} 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{center}
\psset{yunit=0.8,plotpoints=300}
\begin{pspicture}(-1,-2.5)(11,2.5)%\psgrid
%psgrid[subgriddiv=1,griddots=10,gridlabels=10pt]
 \uput[l](0,0){0}
 \pcline[arrowscale=2]{<->}(.8,1.8)(3.95,1.8)
\lput*{:U}{$ \lambda $}
  \psline{->}(.8,2)(.8,1.5)
      \uput[u](.8,1.8){$ A $}
      \psline{->}(3.95,2)(3.95,1.5)
      \uput[u](3.95,1.8){$ A_{1} $}
      \psline{->}(7.1,2)(7.1,1.5)
      \uput[u](7.1,1.8){$ A_{2} $}
          \psline{->}(10.25,2)(10.25,1.5)
      \uput[u](10.25,1.8){$ A_{3} $}
      
      \psplot[algebraic]{0}{12}{1.5*sin(2*x)}
    %  \psdot(.8,1.5)
     \psdot(2.35,-1.5)   
     \uput[u](2.35,-1.5){$ B $}
        \psdot(5.5,-1.5)   
     \uput[u](5.5,-1.5){$ B_{1} $}
         \psdot(8.65,-1.5)  
     \uput[u](8.65,-1.5){$ B_{2} $}
 \pcline[arrowscale=2]{<->}(2.35,-1.8)(5.5,-1.8)
\lput*{:U}{$ \lambda $}
       \uput[0](12,0){$x$}
\psline{->}(0,-2.5)(0,2.5)
\psline{->}(0,0)(12,0)
\uput[90](0,2.5){$y$}
  \psline[linestyle=dashed](1.2,1)(10.6,1)
    \uput[r](1.1,1.2){$ C $}
  \uput[r](4.25,1.2){$ C_{1} $}
    \uput[r](7.4,1.2){$ C_{2} $}
      \uput[r](10.5,1.2){$ C_{3} $}
\end{pspicture}
\end{center} 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\begin{center}
\psset{yunit=0.8,plotpoints=300}
\begin{pspicture}(-1,-2.5)(12,2.5)%\psgrid
%\psgrid[subgriddiv=1,griddots=10,gridlabels=10pt]
 \uput[l](0,0){0}
      \uput[d](4.85,-.7){$ A $}
       \psdot(5,-.8)   
      \psplot[algebraic]{0}{10.5}{1.5*sin(2*x)}
    %  \psdot(.8,1.5)
       \uput[0](11,0){$x$}
\psline{->}(0,-2.5)(0,2.5)
\psline{->}(0,0)(11,0)
\uput[90](0,2.5){$y$}

\end{pspicture}
\end{center} 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{center}
\psset{yunit=0.8,plotpoints=300}
\begin{pspicture}(-1,-2.5)(12,2.5)%\psgrid
%\psgrid[subgriddiv=1,griddots=10,gridlabels=10pt]
 \uput[l](0,0){0}
      \uput[d](4.85,-.7){$ A $}
      \psdot(5,-.8)   
     \psline[linestyle=dashed](1.85,-.8)(9.15,-.8)
             \psdot(9.15,-.8)   
     \uput[d](9.2,-.8){$ A_{2} $}
         
             \psdot(1.85,-.8)   
     \uput[d](1.8,-.8){$ A_{1} $}
     
      \psline[linestyle=dashed](0.25,.8)(9.7,.8)
          \psdot(0.29,.8)   
     \uput[u](0.2,.8){$ B_{1} $}
           \psdot(3.4,.8)   
     \uput[u](3.3,.8){$ B_{2} $}
           \psdot(6.6,.8)   
     \uput[u](6.45,.8){$ B_{3} $}
           \psdot(9.7,.8)   
     \uput[u](9.55,.8){$ B_{4} $}
     \psbrace[ref=lC,nodesepA=-15pt,nodesepB=-15pt,braceWidth=.2mm](5,2)(0.2,2){$  \dfrac{3\lambda}{2}$ }
     \psbrace[ref=lC,nodesepA=-15pt,nodesepB=-15pt,braceWidth=.2mm](9.55,2)(5,2){$  \dfrac{3\lambda}{2}$ }
      \psplot[algebraic]{0}{10.5}{1.5*sin(2*x)}
     \psbrace[ref=lC,nodesepA=5pt,nodesepB=5pt,braceWidth=.2mm](3.4,-1.3)(5,-1.3){$\dfrac{\lambda}{2}  $}
    %  \psdot(.8,1.5)
      \psline[linestyle=dashed](5,-.8)(5,2)
         \psline[linestyle=dashed](3.4,-1.3)(3.4,.8)
       \uput[0](11,0){$x$}
\psline{->}(0,-2.5)(0,2.5)
\psline{->}(0,0)(11,0)
\uput[90](0,2.5){$y$}

\end{pspicture}
\end{center} 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{center}
\psset{yunit=0.8,plotpoints=300}
\begin{pspicture}(-1,-1.5)(10.5,1.5)%\psgrid
%\psgrid[subgriddiv=1,griddots=10,gridlabels=10pt]
      \uput[u](0.55,1){$ \scriptstyle A $}
          \psdot(0.55,1)   
      \uput[u](2.6,1){$ \scriptstyle A_{1} $}
      \psdot(2.6,1)   
        \psline[linestyle=dashed](2.6,1)(2.6,0)
            \uput[d](2.6,0){$\scriptstyle  80$}
      \uput[u](4.7,1){$\scriptstyle A_{2} $}
        \psdot(4.7,1)   
        \psline[linestyle=dashed](4.7,1)(4.7,0)
         \uput[d](4.7,0){$\scriptstyle  160$}
      \uput[u](6.8,1){$\scriptstyle  A_{3} $}
     \psdot(6.8,1)  
     \psline[linestyle=dashed](6.8,1)(6.8,0)
      \uput[d](6.8,0){$\scriptstyle 240$}
            \psplot[algebraic]{0}{10}{1*sin(3*x)}
    %  \psdot(.8,1.5)
      \psline[linestyle=dashed](8.9,1)(8.9,0)
       \uput[d](8.9,0){$\scriptstyle 320$}
            \psline[linestyle=dashed](7.85,-1)(7.85,0)
             \uput[d](7.85,-1){$\scriptstyle  280$}
              \psline[linestyle=dashed](7.6,-.75)(7.6,0)
             \uput[u](7.6,0){$\scriptstyle  270$}
     \psdot(1.55,-1)   
          \uput[d](1.55,-1){$\scriptstyle  B_{1} $}
          \psdot(3.65,-1)   
          \uput[d](3.65,-1){$\scriptstyle  B_{2} $}
     \uput[d](5.75,-1){$\scriptstyle  B_{3} $}
         \psdot(5.75,-1)  
       \psline{->}(0,0)(10.5,0)
\end{pspicture}
\end{center} 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{center}
\psset{yunit=0.8,plotpoints=300}
\begin{pspicture}(-1,-2)(7.5,2)%\psgrid
%\psgrid[subgriddiv=1,griddots=10,gridlabels=10pt]
 \uput[l](0,0){0}
 \psline[arrowscale=3]{->}(2.7,2)(3.8,2)
  \psline[linestyle=dashed](.8,1.5)(0,1.5)
   \uput[l](0,1.5) {$ A $}
      \uput[r](1.2,1){$ M $}
      \uput[l](1.95,-1)  {$ N $}
      \psplot[algebraic]{0}{7}{1.5*sin(2*x)}
      \psdot(1.2,1)
     \psdot(1.95,-1)   
       \uput[0](7.5,0){$x$}
\psline{->}(0,-2)(0,2)
\psline{->}(0,0)(7.5,0)
\uput[90](0,2){$y$}
\end{pspicture}
\end{center} 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{center}
\psset{yunit=0.8,plotpoints=300}
\begin{pspicture}(-1,-2)(7.5,2)%\psgrid
%\psgrid[subgriddiv=1,griddots=10,gridlabels=10pt]
 \uput[l](0,0){0}
 \psline[arrowscale=3]{->}(2.7,2)(3.8,2)
  \psline[linestyle=dashed](1.2,1)(0,1)
    \psline[linestyle=dashed](1.95,-1)(0,-1)
   \uput[l](0,1) {$ y_{\scriptscriptstyle M} $}
    \uput[l](0,-1) {$- y_{\scriptscriptstyle N} $}
      \uput[r](1.2,1){$ M $}
     \psline{->}(1.2,1)(1.2,1.5)
      \psline{->}(1.95,-1)(1.95,-.5)
            % \pcline{<->}(2.1,-1)(2.1,0)
      \psbrace[ref=lt,rot=90,nodesepB=-15pt,braceWidthInner=0.1,braceWidthOuter=0.1,braceWidth=0.02](2.1,-1)(2.1,0){}
 %\pcline{<->}
      \psbrace[ref=lC,braceWidthInner=0.1,braceWidthOuter=0.1,braceWidth=0.02](1.1,1)(1.1,0){}
                \uput[d](1.9,-1)  {$ N $}
      \psplot[algebraic]{0}{7}{1.5*sin(2*x)}
      \psdot(1.2,1)
     \psdot(1.95,-1)   
       \uput[0](7.5,0){$x$}
\psline{->}(0,-2)(0,2)
\psline{->}(0,0)(7.5,0)
\uput[90](0,2){$y$}
\end{pspicture}
\end{center} 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{center}
\psset{yunit=0.8,plotpoints=300}
\begin{pspicture}(-1,-2)(9,2)%\psgrid
%\psgrid[subgriddiv=1,griddots=10,gridlabels=10pt]
 \uput[l](0,0){0}
      \psplot[algebraic]{0}{7.854}{-1.5*sin(1.5*x)}
     \psdot(4.2,0)   
     \uput[u](4.6,0){$\scriptstyle \lambda = 0/2 \, m$}
       \uput[0](9,0){$x(m)$}
\psline{->}(0,-2)(0,2)
\psline{->}(0,0)(9,0)
\uput[90](0,2){$\scriptstyle U (cm)$}
\end{pspicture}
\end{center} 
\begin{center}
\psset{yunit=0.8,plotpoints=300}
\begin{pspicture}(-1,-2)(9,2)%\psgrid
%\psgrid[subgriddiv=1,griddots=10,gridlabels=10pt]
 \uput[l](0,0){0}
      \psplot[algebraic]{0}{7.854}{1.5*sin(1.5*x)}
     \psdot(4.2,0)   
     \uput[d](4.5,0){$\scriptstyle 0/2$}
       \uput[0](9,0){$x(m)$}
\psline{->}(0,-2)(0,2)
\psline{->}(0,0)(9,0)
\uput[90](0,2){$\scriptstyle U (cm)$}
\end{pspicture}
\end{center} 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{center}
\psset{yunit=0.8,plotpoints=300}
\begin{pspicture}(-1,-3)(9,3)%\psgrid
%\psgrid[subgriddiv=1,griddots=10,gridlabels=10pt]
 \uput[l](0,0){0}
\uput[90](0.8,1.5){$\scriptstyle A $}
  \psdot(0.8,1.5)
    \uput[u](1.6,0){$\scriptstyle B $}
      \psdot(1.55,0)
         \psdot(3.15,0)
          \psbrace[ref=lC,nodesepA=5pt,nodesepB=5pt,braceWidthInner=0.1,braceWidthOuter=0.1,braceWidth=.2mm](0.8,-.1)(1.55,-.1){$\scriptstyle 1 \, m $}
                   \uput[d](3.15,0){$\scriptstyle 4 $}
          \psdot(6.3,0)
         \uput[d](6.35,0){$\scriptstyle 8 $}
  \psplot[algebraic]{0}{8.5}{1.5*sin(2*x)}
       \psline[linestyle=dashed](0.8,1.5)(0.8,0)
\uput[0](9,0){$\scriptstyle x\, (m)$}
\psline{->}(0,-3)(0,3)
\psline{->}(0,0)(9,0)
\uput[90](0,3){$\scriptstyle u$}
\end{pspicture}
\end{center} 
\end{document}